Importance of Negotiation: Planning

Negotiation Strategy: Planning is Critical University of Phoenix Krystal Torrez Week 2 In negotiation the underlying interest of the party is equally as important as the outcome of acheivment. To meet the desired goals negotiators must be aware of the uniquely different needs and accomodations each desired goal requires. By accepting the differences between each desired goal the team will be better prepared in finding appropriate strategies and solutions. Negotiation should always be approached in a serious, well thought out manner to result proactively. Lack of planning often appears at the negotiating table as too much reliance on demands and ineffective attempts to persuade the opponent (Cronin-Harris, 2004). Author Cathy Cronin-Harris discusses good planning based on five strategies below, which may be the difference between effective negotiation and failed negotiation. In effective negotiation, establishing and ranking priority interests, assessing opposing parties’ priorites, understanding the representation of money, careful planning of factual inquiries and principle based money moves are the five strategies of planning in negotiation. Prior to negotiation each party should thouroghly study possible outcomes, priority interests, and the ranks of importance all the different interest of the desired outcome may have. The reason for ranking items by importance is to have less important items to offer as trade during the process of the actual negotiation. Understanding the opposing parties’ desired outcome and priorities is also significantly inportant in planning for a smooth negotiation process. By understanding the desired outcomes of both parties involved a possible solution may be achieved benefiting both parties. Prior to the process of a negotiation the negotiator must undertsand what money is representing if money is a possible outcome for either party. Most times money is only considered a substitute of satisfaction. However, by being aware of what the money is being used as a substitute for may allow the negotiator to creatively offer other ooptions more closely related to the real underlying issue. Allowing problem solving to be more beneficial to both negotiators. The careful planning of factual inquiries may result in the surfacing of new data. By allowing time to be curious and asking questions the negotiator may find a different plan of action. Although, all negotiators fear being taken advatnage of, information may result in outcomes positively affecting both parties. Lastly, prior to the launch of the negotiation appropriate money moves must be established. By establishing reasonable offers a negotiator may be more successful in receiving the amount set out for. In closing, proper nplanning in regard to negotiation may not only lead to professional confidence but acheivment of the desired outcome. By appropriately planning a strategy for a negotiable scenario, both parties may receive desired results, rather than, repeatitive bargaining. Works Cited Cronin-Harris, C. (2004, December). Negotiation Strategy: Planning Is Critical. Retrieved April 11, 2010, from www. phoenix. edu: http://search. ebscohost. com/login. aspx? direct=true&db=bth&AN=15290421&site=bsi-live

Different cultures have different truths Essay

â€Å"Different cultures have different truths.† â€Å"A truth is that which can be accepted universally.† What are the implications for knowledge of agreeing with these opposite statements?  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Ye shall know the truth, and the truth shall set yet free.† A powerful, simple statement, taken from the bible. The eternal struggle of mankind, however, has been to find the truth, and this has proven rather difficult. Is there, as suggested in this quote, only one truth? Or are there different truths, dependant on cultural background or society? Unfortunately, the question as it is phrased is flawed. Both statements are false, so any knowledge gained from either one is also false. Truth is not determined by how many people accept something, whether those people all belong to a single culture, or to the whole world. Truth is determined by reality, and â€Å"truth† is the quality of any statement that correctly describes any aspect of reality. If a thing is true, it does not matter if nobody accepts it, it is still true. If a thing is false, it does not matter if everybody accepts it, it is still false. Everyone in the 12th century accepted that the Crusades were for a good cause, although with historical insight we can see that they were not. Another problem with this question is that there is a difference between accepting something and believing in it. People often accept things they are told because authority tells them, or because they do not know enough to find a better answer. Many people are also willing to accept answers because they make them feel good, not because they have any basis in fact. It seems impossible to agree with both of these statements, since they are both false. If, however, we do agree with these two statements, we find that they are mutually exclusive. If we look at them logically, statement A excludes statement B and vice-versa. This means that either one of them is false, or they are both right in certain situations and wrong in others. To answer this question, we must also ask ourselves â€Å"What is truth?† If we define truth as a reality, as something that is always correct no matter what, and as something that can be accepted as fact, than the first statement is cannot be agreed with. If different cultures have different truths on the same subject, than there is no truth. Just because my culture says that the world was created by God in seven days, that does not mean it is the truth. It is what we believe, but that does not make it true. Contrarily, scientists say that we evolved from lesser beings, and that the world was created through a ‘big bang’ which created the universe. This is what they believe to be the truth: it does not mean it is. If nothing can be agreed upon, and there are differing opinions, than there is no truth. The opposite statement, that truth is something that everyone agrees with, is more valid, at least in my opinion. Everyone can agree on some things, and would consider them truths: the world is round, people should be born with two eyes, the Second World War started in 1939. That there is a group agreement on these issues, from both those who are expert on these topics and amateurs, means that we can most likely accept them as being of reality. However, this method also has drawbacks: just because everyone agrees with something does not necessarily make it true. For hundreds of years everyone agreed that the world was flat, although it is not, and with photographs to show it, it has been proven beyond a reasonable doubt. Each statement’s value also depends on what area of knowledge we are considering: for logic-based disciplines, like the Natural Sciences and Mathematics, there should be no differences in what is considered truth. Algebra does not change no matter what country you go to, and neither does the rotation of the earth. Although there may be religious or cultural differences concerning these truths, such as in Kansas where they banned evolution from textbooks, this does not change that the facts are still the same if you talk to people who are knowledgeable about the subject. For disciplines that are based more on perception, emotion, and language it can be much more difficult to come to a conclusion: these cannot be proven with figures and objective data. What is learned in an Ethics class is more a matter of cultural influences. People in Nigeria may believe that they have the right to stone a woman to death for adultery, while in Europe we would consider this a most improper thing to do. In Japan, it is considered rude to look a superior in the eye whist talking to them, but in America it would be considered rude to not face them. Because of these differences, it is most certainly not true to state that â€Å"Looking someone in the eye is rude.†, although that is the truth of the culture. As I said earlier, truth cannot be changed. What would be correct is to state that â€Å"In Japan, looking someone in the eye is rude.† This is true everywhere to everyone. These two statements also come from opposite schools of philosophy: those that believe in subjective truth and objective truth.  To agree with both of these statements is impossible, since they both contradict each other. Agreeing with either of them, however, is also wrong. Even if no one knows the absolute truth about something yet, that does not mean that the present answers are a suitable replacement. Truth does not change, no matter who accepts it.

Strategic Initiative

If the strategic plan is properly prepared and understood, then the company will continue to grow and thrive. Wall-Mart is a multimillion dollar empire that provides goods and services to communities all over the world. They are able to do this is because they are constantly looking for new ways to keep their business growing while keeping their customers satisfied and coming back for more. In this paper, Team C has developed a strategic planning initiative that will help Wall-Mart appeal In the local community.The strategic plan will help readers understand how financial planning plays a large part in the success and failure of a business by looking at costs and sales in the community, and finally ascribing the risks that are associated with the strategic planning initiative and financial effects they may have on the company. Strategic Planning Initiative Financial planning is about finding out how the business is going to financially in the future. This means that reports from acco unting and other departments have to be correct or else the forecasting will not be accurate.When a business is working on their financial planning they need to prepare a cash budget. Financial planning helps a business to know how the profits will look in the future which In turn will help them plan on other things. This is where the strategic planning comes Into play. The company can plan how much merchandise to receive for parts of ten year. I nee can also Tugged Tort Dulling expansions, malfeasance, Ana toner necessary things. By knowing how much they can spend on certain projects with the amount they have received from the financial forecasting they can budget properly.They can take the time to plan smart and know what they can do for the company and what they cannot do. Wall-Mart is planning on getting their supplies and merchandise from responsible sources. They want to make sure that the products that they sell to their nonusers are safe to eat and that with our busy lives t hey want the products to stand the wear and tear. With the help of the safer and stronger merchandise, Wall- Mart is planning on increasing sales and make sure that they are making the importance of their values known.With this said from the annual report, Wall-Mart is also working with Michelle Obama to make their food products healthier and their produce cheaper. (womb. Anytime. Com) Mrs.. Obama is helping to reduce obesity in children and trying to make foods healthier. Wall-Mart has been meeting with the first dad and are going to take their brand, Great Value, and make it to where it has less fats, sugars, and unhealthy salts. They are going to come out with healthier soups, salad dressings, rice and snacks.Wall-Mart is also trying to get Kraft to follow their examples and produces healthier products. Initiative Affects on Costs The new initiative will not have a major effect on cost for Wall-Mart. Wall-Mart will continue to use its current manufacturers to be able to provide t heir consumers with the most economical prices. Some things that have caused a change in cost for Wall- Mart would be the improvement of labor productivity and also organizational changes that have been made.There may be several changes that may occur in the upcoming year, but with their past experience Wall-Mart is fully prepared to embrace the changes in the most efficient way possible. They will continue to provide better health benefits to their employees and will be more strategic in their advertising. Also, with the Wall-Mart website they are cutting cost by not having so many items to ship and stock in their stores. It also provides their consumers to have easy access to he products which will expand their clientele.Initiative Affects on Sales Wall-Mart's two initiatives that our team focused on are not only driven by expectations of rising sales, but are thoughtful of improving society in small ways. The initiatives focus on improving the health of consumers, helping them to make smarter choices when doing the food shopping. Very aware of the effects of the economy, Wall-Mart is also finding ways to make these healthy choices affordable and realistic. Quality and values are what they are aiming to reveal, being responsible ND thoughtful so that buying Wall-Mart products is an easy and smart solution for better everyday living.With such a strong platform, these initiatives should easily lure American's into one of their 3,804 stores, targeting the common need to live smart and healthy lives on a budget, in order to accommodate the current state of ten economy. â€Å"We are expanding our assortment, re-allocating selling space Ana enhancing productivity initiatives to reduce costs† (Wall-Mart, 2011). By working with suppliers Wall-Mart is aiming to expand assortment in all categories and make the assortment more relevant. We continue to implement productivity initiatives throughout the stores, supply chain and logistics to improve returns. As we s ee top- line sales increase through our focus on IDLE (everyday low prices) and from operational and merchandising improvements, we can further enhance our ability to drive expense leverage† (Wall-Mart, 2011). With cost reduction and commitment to the focus at the core of the Wall-Mart organization, everyday low prices, sales will continue to rise, and the trust and loyalty consumers already show will grow even trotter.Risks Associated with Initiative and Financial Effects As with any business it is important to assess the risks and the financial affects of a business initiative. For Wall-Mart, three initiatives have been identified. The first is purchasing supplies from a responsible supplier. The second is to produce healthier food products in conjunction with the support of Michelle Obama. The third is to promote cheaper produce which will encourage families to eat healthier. The identified associated risks are the possibility of limited resources from so-called expansible suppliers causing Wall-Mart to limit goods that they sell.In addition, there is the possibility of higher cost associated with responsible supplier which will then be trickled down to consumers. Lastly, there is definite risk of botulism or reduced sales associated with purchasing lower quality produce in order to meet their initiative of cheaper produce. With any risk there are also potential financial affects which are the effect of the associated risks. For Wall-Mart they may find that they have to pay more for goods that are form responsible manufacturers and appliers which in turn which trickle down to the consumers causing them to pay more for goods.In turn, causes Wall-Mart to lose customers due to higher pricing. On the other hand if Wall-Mart is able to budget for the absorption of the additional costs and see no price rise to their consumers then they may actually see a financial benefit. Wall-Mart envisions cheaper produce as a potential benefit to its customers and it ca n be but the key to this success will be purchasing cheaper produce that is still quality produce and offering it at an everyday low price to consumers.On the other hand if Wall-Mart offers cheap produce that is not quality produce they may see a reduction in revenue and a loss of customers in this area. Conclusion Wall-mart has over 3,804 stores worldwide, and is the largest leader in retail sales. Wall-mart is able to do this by expanding their business into other countries and providing great quality items to their customers at low prices. The best way for Wall-mart to grow even bigger than they already are is to create a strategic initiative plan that is firm and reliable.

Obesity and Physical Activity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Obesity and Physical Activity - Essay Example In fact, of a recent study done on city ranking, which ranks some of the largest metro areas against each-other, the Twin Cities ranked 46 out of 46 for levels of deaths associated with Heart Disease. The actual count comes down to 109 deaths per 100,000 people, compared to the number 1 city (which is Detroit) having 236.4 heart disease deaths per 100,000 people 2. There are multiple reasons why the levels are so low, but probably one of the largest reasons has to be the low levels of air pollution and the emphasis on physical activity within the Metro Area. Many schools across the metro have been cracking down on teaching students about physical activity, and often there is not much else to do in the winter time anyway. A lot of people love to take walks early in the morning to get used to the cold so that it doesn't bother them throughout the rest of the day. Not only that, but the community has become strongly involved in the spread of information about obesity and physical activity. In fact, there is a number you can call to hook up with Health Partners in the Twin Cities and speak about obesity as well as request several documents and fliers to hand out to people. Health Partners also offers educational training courses and public announcements as well through this hot-line.

Philosophy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 11

Philosophy - Assignment Example St. Thomas Aquinas stages several forms cosmological arguments which point out the existence of God (60). The first proof of God’s existence according to St. Aquinas is explained by motion. Insofar as it is, it notable that some things are constantly in motion in this world. It is also obvious that for any object to be in motion there must be a force that propels such movements. From this point of view, an object cannot be moved unless there is another object that has the actuality to do so is involved. In this sense, St. Aquinas argues that the movement is all about bringing something from it potentiality to its actuality, and the transformation cannot take place in the absence of something which is actuality in itself (Solomon, Higgins and Clancy 60). There is no way something can exist in both forms simultaneously. For instance, an object cannot be moved and it is the mover itself. In other words, something cannot move unless there is another different thing to enhance the navigation. In case an object is moved, then it is only understandable that it has been moved by yet another force and that also by another and so on. At a point, the chain of movement will get to a point that the original mover, which is not moved by any other mover, is arrived at. This original mover is understood to be God. The cause argument which is pegged from the point of view that nature has efficient cause. The argument is that there is an order for cause and there is no way that anything can be responsible for its own cause. For this to happen, the requirement is that the thing ought to have existed before itself and this is, obviously not possible. The possibility of infinity is eliminated in this case because in the order of efficient cause follow in order where the first cause is the intermediate cause and the intermediate cause is the cause of the ultimate cause irrespective of the fact that the intermediate cause

The history of Intellectual Property Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The history of Intellectual Property - Essay Example The WIPO defined 'intellectual property' as "creations of the mind: inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce." Intellectual property "is divided into two categories: industrial property, which includes inventions (patents), trademarks, industrial designs, and geographic indications of source; and copyright, which includes literary and artistic works such as novels, poems and plays, films, musical works, artistic works such as drawings, paintings, photographs and sculptures, and architectural designs. Rights related to copyright include those of performing artists in their performances, producers of phonograms in their recordings, and those of broadcasters in their radio and television programs." (WIPO, 1967) In simple words, intellectual property maybe called a generic term for a set of legal instruments that specify the exclusive rights granted to creators of new innovations. There are two categories of intellectual property r ights: the first, patents, copyright, industrial designs, plant breeders' rights and layout designs for integrated circuits which grant exclusive rights to new innovations and original works of authorship for a limited period.

CASE ASSIGNMENT MODULE 5 Performance Management Essay

CASE ASSIGNMENT MODULE 5 Performance Management - Essay Example Performance of employees is clearly impacted by the performance management systems used within a company. These systems also help the human resources team to deal with various opportunities and also help in developing new career options and growth levels likewise. A well planned and implemented system can prove to be the success factor for the business (Armstrong and Baron). Performance management systems help in developing the competencies of the workforce as well as help in identifying the week areas of the employees. This can be used as a method to overcome the weaknesses of the employees and to develop them to become good in the particular area (Smither). Also the performance management systems help in continuous monitoring and help in better overall performance of the employees. Considering an China – US Joint venture, the main area that needs to be considered is the need for constant monitoring. Here the company needs to ensure that all employees are monitored constantly , to help gain the best results. Managing performance can be a result of many difference methods like training and development, mentoring, management of stress, competitive assessments and also ideas like performance appraisals (FSA). When there is a joint venture, it is important to ensure that the cultural differences are kept in mind while developing the performance management systems. The basis for a successful performance management system is effective communication of the goals and responsibilities both to the employees as well as to the managing individuals within the company. If the employees are clear about their role, and the part they play within a company, the contribution will be accordingly and will help in keeping up to the expected performance as well (Rollo). The second crucial stage here is the monitoring of the individuals and to ensure that the business performance is also well tracked and focused upon (Daniels and Daniels). Monitoring the business and the indivi duals within the company helps the managers and top management provide constructive feedback to the employees and also constantly requires the managers to reinstate the main goals and objectives of the company (Paladino). Here the management can lay down the expectations of the organisation effectively and provide the employees with a clear path of their duties. This is crucial especially in a multi cultural organisation as it helps in healthier working condition and better performance as a whole. Finally, it is crucial to implement a fair rewarding structure for the employees of China as well as the US organisations and here the actual performance of the employees needs to be considered while providing both monetary as well as non monetary benefits (FSA). The above mentioned points will benefit the overall implementation of the performance management systems and these will allow developing an effective system (Smither). Here in this case, since the joint venture is between two inte rnational firms, hence, there are a number of international considerations that also need to be addressed while developing and implementing the performance management systems (Daniels and Daniels). Of these, the first and foremost factor that needs consideration is the cultural differences. Here it is important to take this into account as people from different cultures work

Philosophy of language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Philosophy of language - Essay Example Traditionally, opponents of the CTP have held that the statement â€Å"that appears/seems red† is reserved for situations in which there is reasonable doubt in an individual’s mind regarding whether something is truly red or otherwise. In that sense, part of the meaning inherent in â€Å"that appears/seems red† is attributable to the doubt in the speaker’s mind concerning whether something is red. Consequently, it would be inappropriate, and quite rightly so, to suggest that there is any ounce of doubt regarding whether something is red and it is false that anything â€Å"appears/looks/seems red† when one sees something red. For that reason, critics of the CTP have argued that seeing red cannot be analysed in causal terms, that is, in terms of it being caused to be in a manner in which an entity â€Å"looks/appears/seems† red. In 1961, Herbert Paul Grice, notable for his pioneering work in the philosophy of language, came to the defense of CT P; this paper explains the manner in which Grice employed his notion of implicature in defense of the Causal Theory of Perception. Grice published an article in which he distinguished between what is meant (what is said) and what is implied (implicated) (Bardzokas 2010, p.114); basically, Grice argues that in saying â€Å"that appears/seems/looks red†, one may implicate that something is not really red but does not out rightly refute that something is red or mean it is not really red. According to Grice, it is actually possible that one who says â€Å"that looks/seems/appears red† sees something red and it could also be that they see something that seems red to them (even if otherwise). If to say â€Å"that appears red† implicates that something may not necessarily be red, it is contradictory to say â€Å"that appears red, and it is red†; Grice posits that the implication that a thing is not really red can be explicitly cancelled out. Consequently, if the implicatum of what a speaker says

Groupwork Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Groupwork - Essay Example Group dynamics are increasingly becoming a topic of interest because of online, social interaction made possible by the internet. Although this model refers to the overall pattern of the group,it should be noted that individuals within a group have distinct ways of working. If distrust persists, a group may never even reach the norming stage. Group-dynamic games are experiential education exercises which aid people in learning about themselves, develop and enrich interpersonal relationships, and assess how groups function from a group dynamics or social psychological point of view. Group dynamics can be understood as complex from an interpersonal relationships point of view because it may involve relationships between two people ,relationships between a person and a group or relationships between groups . Group-dynamic games are specifically designed for the purpose of furthering personal development, character building, and teamwork via a Group-dynamic milieu. The group leader may sometimes also be the game leader, or between peers, the leadership and game-rules can vary. Some games may require large spaces, special objects and tools, quietness or many before-game and after-game requirements. existing games may need modification when aged, frail or disabled people are involved. The use of group dynamic activities have been used for years in conflict resolution, anger management and team building and many other areas such as drug rehabilitation and drama therapy. The propensity of children for peer-group

The Lawful Process of Adjudication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Lawful Process of Adjudication - Essay Example The fourth principle is that the parties involved may not contract outside the construction Act but they are allowed to contract within the act. In such adjudication, the court will administer the decisions like if the adjudications were statutory. A good example of an application of this principle is the case of SiemensVsNordot.The fifth principle is that in order to resolve disputes related to construction contracts the parties has a right which should not be regulated. The right to the party will not be restricted to procedural limits. The rights will be practiced even if proceedings are concurrent. In general, the court should not intervene to stop the continuation of any adjudication even if the dispute was solved was earlier decided in any other adjudication.The sixth principle is that adjudicators should have jurisdiction. Most of the adjudicator's decision could not be enforced because they lacked jurisdiction but given that the adjudicators had jurisdiction, their decisions will be enforced fully. Though there are signs in today's cases, and mainly those under the Scots law, which indicates that this area is suitable for development. The adjudicator should allow the parties to make submissions on their case based on the law and fact that the adjudicator relies on.The potential problems that are associated with the implementation of the construction act 1996 are that one of the challenges is that the Act fails to consider the principle of having a justice in nature. The determination of the adjudication which is under section 21 of building and construction industry security of payment act (`` SOPA’’) were advanced based on adjudicators jurisdiction to decide the dispute. Another potential problem is that the amendment was only to apply only to those contracts that are verified through writing yet not all contracts that are evidenced in writing whether it is by circumstance or by design. Another problem that is associated with the

Gender relations after WWII Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gender relations after WWII - Essay Example In the World War Two, women started doing more industrial jobs and even participated in the military actions in the front line. Before the war, men were considered as the breadwinners who need to work outside the homes, while the women’s role was ‘contained’ within the confines of the house. However, â€Å"as some sixteen million males were enlisted or were drafted into the military, employer’s recruited women to fill the roles on the assembly lines of what were referred to, as essential industry opportunities.† (Bryant 2009). During the war, there was also the need for heightened production from the industries to support the war efforts, and with only minimal men available to fill the vacancies, women were recruited in large numbers and were encouraged to play larger roles outside their homes. Even various propagandas were carried out thorough mediums including print, radio, films, etc., to entice women to join the workforce. However, there was a ca tch and that mainly led to some opposition, resulting in the changing of gender relations after the War. That is, â€Å"women's employment was only encouraged as long as the war was on. Once the war was over, federal and civilian policies replaced women workers with men. (PBS). With the plan of handing over the jobs to the returning men, the women were restricted from continuing in their jobs and importantly encouraged to take over their family roles. That is, after the war, there was a strong reassertion of long-established gender roles, with the working women asked to return to their homes, so they can rebuild and stabilize their families, as many families suffered some form of disruption due to the war. â€Å"Motherhood lay at the centre of post-war constructions of femininity, bolstered by theories of the damage suffered by children deprived of 'mothering', while men were constructed as breadwinners.† (Pears). Although sizable number of working women left their jobs and returned to their traditional roles inside their homes after the war, other sections of the women wanted to continue in their jobs. They felt liberated and also socially as well as financially independent because of the jobs, and wanted to continue in the same path. Thus, the women who were supposed to give back the jobs to the men started resisting because of their new found positive status. This led to gender confrontation, as the returning soldiers faced a lot of difficulties in finding jobs in post war societies in European countries and United States of America. After serving the country, the men expected jobs and comfort in their homes. However, with women wanting to continue in their jobs, they faced difficulties in both the fronts. This led to confrontation between the genders in both at the home and at the workplace. Due to the growing influence of the women, men felt threatened and they responded with harassment and discrimination against the women. â€Å"The independence given to women during the war and its removal with the advent of the returning men, had a definitive effect on gender relations† (Study World). This scenario also laid the ‘seeds’ for the raise of Women rights movements in various countries. With working women being confined to their homes, the women

Electrolux Case Summary Essay Example for Free

Electrolux Case Summary Essay As the largest domestic products manufacturer in the world, Electrolux has about 70000 employees all around the world in about 150 countries, making 14 billion euros in sales in 2005. However, an acquisition case from its main competitor, Whirlpool, is challenging the ? rst place of Electrolux, at the time Electrolux has just decided to divest its outdoor division. A huge decrease in sales in the following years is expected. Starting from 1920s, Electrolux has been famous for its expertise in industrial design on products such as vacuum cleaner and refrigeration. The products quickly got popular not only in its home country in Sweden, but in other western countries such as Germany, France, USA and UK, due to the homogeneous culture of these countries. A major growth in demand after World War II contributed a lot to its growth. With a large amount of accumulated cash of the past decades, Electrolux decided to expand quickly through a number of acquisitions for more market share and diversi? cation. In late 20th century, Electrolux discovered new markets in developing countries when the market in western countries was already very mature and was even showing a sign of going down. It also went through a phase of restructuring the segmentations of products as well as abandoned some less important activities. Up until 2006, the company has addressed its new strategies mainly on functional level to correspond to the challenges. To maximize the pro? t, the production would be outsourced to developing countries with lower labor costs. More ef? ient logistics has made the globalization more feasible and cost-saving. On the product market level, due to the market polarization, a more distinguishing product segmentation would be applied. While keeping the basic low-price products, Electrolux is launching a series of products with higher prices to satisfy the high-end market. On the other hand, 2% of sales would be put in RD to keep a high rate of new products launches. The supply chain management has always been vital when it comes to consumer goods industry. When Electrolux is outsourcing more of the productions, it is also hifting the strategy of distribution channels. Instead of traditional dealers, big chains with large volume and high geographical coverage are brought up front because of lower serving cost. Above all these, the company keeps making efforts on brand-building by investing at least 2% of the sales every year. With more products are sold under Electrolux’s name, the company is also improving its brand image by stressing more on their culture through internal and external relations among employees, suppliers and retailers, etc.

Experiment: Attractiveness Halo Effect on Human Faces

Experiment: Attractiveness Halo Effect on Human Faces Matriculation Number: 140011607 Partial Research Report Abstract The aim of this report was to test for an attractiveness halo effect on human faces. This experiment was conducted in the University of Dundee and the participants were international undergraduate students of both genders. The independent variable was the level of physical attractiveness, while the dependent variable was the estimated IQ score the participants gave to the male and female faces that have been selected at random. The hypothesis predicted that there will be an effect of attractiveness of faces on their perceived intelligence, meaning that subjects would rate highly attractive individuals with higher IQ levels and those with less attractive characteristics with lower IQ. The participants were asked to rate for attractiveness (7= very attractive and 1= not attractive at all) ten male and ten female faces shown to them that have been selected at random from a pre-existing data set and afterwards provide an estimated IQ score. The obtained results signify that there is a hi gh correlation between high attractive faces and higher IQ scores. This is in accordance with previous research, such as the attractiveness halo effect that is the tendency to assign positive personality qualities to people bases on their looks and Eagly’s (1991) research which claims that attractive people are attributed with lots of positive traits. Introduction Individuals are confronted with many serious decisions in their everyday life where they are either judging others or being judged. Langlois Kalakanis (2000) demonstrated that physical attractiveness plays a significant part in decision-making in situations such as hiring decisions, voting behavior and romantic partner choices. Physical attractiveness is a complicated concept that reflects numerous significant factors. According to Pansu Dubois (2002) facial attractiveness consists one of the main determinants of total rankings of attractiveness. Furthermore, Thornhill Gangestad, (1999) claimed that with regard to the face itself, masculinity, femininity and symmetry all rise perceived attractiveness. People that are more attractive tend to be advantaged in several critical and appraising ways. The halo effect can help interpreting the ‘what is beautiful is good’ stereotype. The halo effect is a traditional corollary in psychology. It is the idea that one personâ€⠄¢s central positive (such as attractiveness) or negative characteristic, affect another’s person’s decision about their other characteristics (for example, intelligence). According to Eagly (1991) people regularly ascribe positive traits to attractiveness and negative traits to less attractive individuals. This belief leads to erroneous judgmental, attribution errors and regular human perceptual partialities. By using practical research, Edward Thorndike was the first contending the halo effect. The definition he gave to the halo effect was ‘a question that rises in data collection when there exists a conveyance from an estimation to another’. Moreover, he conducted a study in 1920 in which commanding officers of the American army requested to classify their soldiers on groups of guidance, intelligence, character and physique. The findings of the study showed that there exists a direct interaction among all negative and all positive characteristics. After his study has been completed, Thorndike extended his first definition of the halo effect to be ‘an expansion of a total impression of an individual (or of one specific characteristic) to affect the total impression of that person’. Additionally, this is the part that has been highlighted in this research. If an individual is considered attractive then this person is deemed to possess many more positive attribute s such as intelligence. Furthermore, there is some proof that the effects of attractiveness on perceived intelligence may vary between women and men. In a study conducted by Chia, Allred, Grossnickle and Lee (1998) that was examining the effects of gender and physical attractiveness on conceptions of academic success, initiative, accomplishment related characteristics, intelligence and ascriptions of effort in respect to academic success, it was found that men and more attractive people would be assessed more positively comparably to women and less attractive people. This study relates the above research on the halo effect as its aim is to test for an attractiveness halo effect in human faces, while providing an estimated IQ score. In addition it is hypothesized that there will be an effect of attractiveness of faces on their perceived intelligence. Method Participants The target population is restricted to the opportunistic sample of 152 international undergraduate students of both genders of the University of Dundee. 103 of the people participated in the experiment were females and the other 49 were males. Materials This study is an experimental design as it has IV and DV. The independent variable is the level of physical attractiveness, while the dependent variable is the estimated IQ score the participants gave to the male and female faces that have been selected at random. The research hypothesis states that there will be an effect of attractiveness of faces on their perceived intelligence and the aim of the experiment is to test for an attractiveness halo effect in human faces. Descriptive Statistics will be used in order to test the hypothesis stated above. The materials used in this study where: Ten male faces and ten female faces have been selected at random from a pre-existing data set and displayed in a computer screen. The computer, which enable participants to see the pictures of the male and the female faces. The data collection sheet, in which participants wrote their ratings of attractiveness and the estimated IQ scores. Standardized instructions (Appendix 1). Procedure The opportunistic sample was obtained and welcomed in a silent room. Applicants were asked to sit to the desks. The experimenter informed the participants about the experiment by using a consistent set of instructions. Data collections sheets were distributed to the students. Students completed the survey by seeing the twenty different faces on the computer, rating them for attractiveness and provide an estimated IQ score for each face. After the participants completed the survey, the data collection sheets were collected by the experimenter. Once the data have been collected, faces were split into two groups based on the median of attractiveness and mean IQ score for each face was calculated. Students were debriefed about the nature of the experiment. Results Table 1 Mean number (M) of estimated IQ scores in faces with low and high attractive characteristics, plus standard deviations (SD) Table 2 Mean number (M) of estimated IQ scores in male and female faces with low and high attractive characteristics, plus standard deviations (SD) As can been seen in Table 1, faces with low attractive characteristics are estimated with lower IQ levels (M= 100.9, SD= 7.85) than faces with high attractive characteristics (M= 118.35, SD=15.55). A between-groups t-test revealed that faces with low attractive characteristics have significantly lower IQ levels than faces with high attractive characteristics, t (13.3) = -3.17, p = 0.007. As we can see in Table 2, column one, males with low face attractive characteristics are estimated with lower IQ levels (M=98.18, SD= 9.96) than males with faces with high attractive characteristics (M=129.84, SD=13.18). A between-groups t-test revealed that male faces with low attractive characteristics have significantly lower IQ levels than male faces with high attractive characteristics, t(8) = -4.29, p=0.003 As we can see in Table 2, column two, females with faces with low attractive characteristics are estimated with lower IQ levels (M=103.63, SD=4.55) than females with faces high attractive characteristics (M=106.86, SD=6.35). A between-groups t-test revealed that female faces with low attractive characteristics did not have significantly lower IQ levels than female faces with high attractive characteristics, t(8)= -0.9, p=0.38. Discussion The hypothesis that there will be an effect of attractiveness of faces on their perceived intelligence was supported. This means that participants rated people with faces with more attractive characteristics with higher IQ levels, where those with less attractive faces with lower IQ levels. This finding is similar to the study conducted by Thorndike in which he asked army officers to classify their soldiers on groups of guidance, intelligence, character and physique. The findings of the study, like in our experiment, showed that there exists a direct interaction among all negative and all positive characteristics and that participants rated more highly the ones that were more physically attractive than those who were not. The result also bolster the work of Eagly. In which is stated that people regularly mete positive traits to attractiveness and negative traits to less attractive individuals. In our example participants rated the more attractive people with higher IQ levels. Moreover, Chia, Allred, Grossnickle and Lee claimed in their study the existence of some proof that the effects of attractiveness on perceived intelligence may vary between women and men. They found that men and more attractive people would be assessed more positively comparably to women and less a ttractive people. This finding was supported in our experiment as men and more attractive individuals were rated with higher IQ levels while women and less attractive individuals were rated with lower IQ levels. In conclusion, the insinuation of our findings is that our opinion of others can be defective as a result of the tendency we have to generalize the personalities of people, or their ability to think based on positive traits they have, in this case, face physical attractiveness. References Chia, R., Allred, L., Grossnickle, W., Lee, G. (1998). The Journal of Social Psychology. Effects of Attractiveness and Gender on the Perception of Achievement Related Variables, 138(4), 471-473. Eagly, A., Makhijani, M., Ashmore, R., Longo, L. (1991). What Is Beautiful Is Good, But A Meta-Analytic Review of Research on the Physical Attractiveness Stereotype, 110(1), 109-113. Langlois, J., Kalakanis, L., Rubenstein, A., Larson, A., Hallam, M., Smoot, M. (2000). Maxims or myths of beauty? A meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin, 126(3), 390-399. doi:10.1037//0033-2909.126.3.390 Nisbett, R., Wilson, T. (1977). The halo effect: Evidence for unconscious alteration of judgments. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 35(4), 250-256. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.35.4.250 Shinners, E. (2009). Journal of Undergraduate Research XII. Effects Of The What Is Beautiful Is Good Stereotype On Perceived Trustworthiness, 1-3. Appendix 1 Before the begging of the experiment the experimenter gave the following instructions: â€Å"If at any time you feel uncomfortable and wish to leave the experiment you may do so.† â€Å"If at the end of the experiment you wish your results to be removed, they can be.† â€Å"All results will be kept in confidence.† â€Å"Open the computers, go to ‘My Dundee’ then to ‘Module Materials’ then to ‘Workshops’ then to ‘Research Report’ and then open the ‘Faces presentation folder’. ‘Use the data collection sheet to rate each of the faces and provide an estimated IQ score’ After completing the experiment we were asked to make sure we have completed all sections of the data collection sheet The final instruction was to close the PowerPoint and log out of My Dundee. Appendix 2 Raw Data

Opinions Of Experts In The Search For Knowledge Philosophy Essay

Opinions Of Experts In The Search For Knowledge Philosophy Essay Experts are those who are specialists and practice a particular profession, therefore many people tend to place a huge amount of trust in the hands of these people as they believe that the expert knows what he is doing, unlike themselves. This trust leads to the belief of everything the experts tell us. Therefore in the search for knowledge, we tend to use experts in order to prove our point, as it is the experts who must know the real truth about the subject that they have been studying and investigating. A simple example would be when we visit the doctor and take the medication he gives us without reading about them first, we trust them because of their credentials. In truth, experts are the people who have been looking into all sorts of beliefs and coming out with truths. Every time we learn something new about space, earth, or the earths inhabitants it is because an expert or a group of experts has finally come out with a truthful result from all his research and work. This is wh at gains our trust in experts, because they tend to be right with what they say, as once they discover an answer to something, it then becomes clear to us when explained, therefore the truth; such as the discovery of a new planet or new species. Though what if are now holding too much trust in experts? Do they sometimes have the ability to take advantage of us with items of proclaimed truths and discoveries? The opinions of experts are what I look for when I am researching a topic or trying to prove a point. Once I have found the opinion I repeat it to others carrying on the apparent knowledge, spreading it as I feel confident and correct, such as the wrongly proven fact that you could only fold a paper seven times or less, or that the ratio of dog years to human years is 1:7. Though all this confidence comes from another human being, as we are all equal I hold my knowledge of apparent truth in the hands of someone who is just as good as I am. Yes, this expert has achieved degrees and maybe some awards for his knowledge, but in this search for knowledge and confidence I do not search for these credentials. I am gullible, and with such a broad use with the internet many misconceptions can be spread due to unqualified, incorrect experts, such as the craze for the bonsai kittens which were grown into jars and the internet told us that it was common in China, this of course was proven to be hoax but it shows us the influence internet has. Therefore the trust that I hold in the name of an expert has now been betrayed. Everything we know about the earth and its surroundings today has been discovered by experts. Those people who have studied in a particular profession for many years and have then ventured into discovering more than they already knew. Once they discover more, new knowledge, it opens more doors leading to an even greater expansion of knowledge such as the recent discovery that a zebrafishs heart can heal itself; this opens doors to scientists as they try to discover if this concept can help humans. The rest of the population are shown the newly discovered knowledge and of course believe it. Experts therefore hold power over the impressionable minds of the rest of the population. I believe that they do have the power to take advantage of people and give them false knowledge because we trust their credentials and their knowledge because we do not know any better than them, especially in this field of study. Though what happens if there is more than one opinion on a piece of knowledge and both sides have proof to back up their argument? A good example of this is whether global warming is increasing due to an increased amount of global warming gasses being released, or whether it is a natural occurrence in nature; those who call global warming a hoax. A documentary produced by Martin Durkin claims that global warming is a government-supported scheme in order to gain publicity and money, proclaiming it to be the biggest scam of modern times.. The film is also backed up by experts including scientists such as Patrick Moore, former member of  Greenpeace  but for the past 21 years a critic of the organization. Whereas the Oscar winning documentary entitled An Inconvenient Truth, written by Al Gore, a previous president of the United States and the winner of a Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the fou ndations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change, promotes the necessity in the education of the human population about global warming and how to lower green house gas emissions. This is due to the, apparent, drastic effect on the earth we have created ourselves. This information tells us that experts may have different opinions and therefore influence different people giving these people confidence in the belief that what they know is the truth, yet only one can be correct. The novel entitled WRONG: Why experts keep failing usand how to know when not to trust them written by David Freedman reveals the truth about how experts mislead the public due to their high stature, directly discussing what I believe to be true, that it incredibly difficult to not trust your senses when it comes to trusting experts. You may have a different opinion to that of an expert. If so, which would be more important? Who should you trust most, you own senses, or an expert who may have been studying that field for many years? How sure are you that your senses may be misleading you with delusions that can be caused due to factors such as hallucinations or maybe even colour blindness? Would you change your mind if there was more support for the experts evidence than for yours? Though then we must look into the reliability of evidence rather than belief. There is no proof that God exists yet people trust experts when it comes to religion, and many people would say that a priest is an expert in the Christian faith, even though he doesnt have proof, and relies on belief. The importance of an expert therefore relies on your instincts and what your own opinion is. Opinion is the most important part because otherwise we wouldnt get anywhere in life and wouldnt have discovered what we have today. Knowledge should b e backed up by proof and if you have an opinion you should discover that truth. Experts merely provide their own opinions and therefore can be incorrect as they are simply humans. It is your choice whether to believe them or not and you must be reminded that you have the ability to disagree as many people seep in every word given to them by an expert without understanding and viewing the evidence. When looking for an answer the opinion from more than one expert can help discover the truth, such as diagnosing a sick patient, and all minds think differently and may come up with different solutions. Therefore it is very important to get opinions from experts, especially when it is a second opinion but we must not rely on those opinions as they are simply an idea, an idea which needs to be researched more. From a medical point of view, 40% of coma patients in a vegetative state may be misdiagnosed, this tells us that doctors, experts, are wrong 40% of the time when it comes to coma patients proving my point that they can be wrong and their opinion should not be instinctively trusted. In this case though it shows us how a doctors opinion is crucially important as we rely on them with our lives, though the more opinions you get is better. Experts are hard workers who have aims in achieving knowledge and proving what they believe to be knowledge, in doing so they gain the supports from others. Their opinions are incredibly important as they provide us with a different or new understanding though we must learn which points of knowledge are credible and who to believe. In this I think we should investigate their proof and trust our instincts and get the opinions of others in order to confirm your result as instincts can be deceived.

Solutions to the Church Music Controversy Essay -- Music

Solutions to the Church Music Controversy There are many different approaches churches are taking to solve the controversial issue of the use of instrumental accompaniment to singing and contemporary ways of worshiping in churches. Contemporary churches are encouraging the use, whereas traditional churches are preaching against the use and are educating the people of their churches with what God and the Bible say about music. Some churches that use instruments in their services are holding different services for different types of audiences, like one for the elderly that will use the more traditional songs and hymns, and then another for the youth, or divorced, or the single people, or the married. Then there are those who say that this should not be something churches should even be arguing about, and that there are worse things happening in the church that should be focused on eliminating. In the article, â€Å"Churches Use Hip-Hop to Draw Teens† of the Rockford Register Star, reporter Edith Webster writes from an interview with minister Ralph Hawthorne, director of Let’s Talk It Out; which was part of the ‘Summer Showcase 2003’ program in Rockford, Illinois, â€Å" ‘Summer Showcase 2003’ includes free food, giveaways, a puppet show and a variety of gospel music for the entire family, but the young people will most likely be all into the gospel rap. ‘There is a generation of people who are unreached,’ said minister Ralph Hawthorne,’ † and to justify his actions he claims, â€Å" ‘To get the gospel out and to be relevant, we need to not change the message but maybe change the method’ † (Webster). Assuming that this is how God wants His message to be taught, I think there exists a tremendous amount of wrong in this way of think... ...Works Cited Deville, Nancy. "Gospel Singing at Mass is Break from Tradition." The Tennessee [Nashville, TN] 24 Jul. 2003: M1. InfoTrac Custom Newspapers. TexShare. Mary and Jeff Bell Library, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi. 29 Oct. 2003. Furr, Joe E. "Working Around Tradition."17 Nov. 2003. Christian Homesite. 29 Oct. 2003 . Smith, James B. Rich Mullins His Life and Legacy: an Arrow Pointing to Heaven. Nashville: Broadman & Holman, 2000. Webster, Edith C. "Churches Use Hip-Hop to Draw Teens." Rockford Register Star 2 Aug. 2003: 6C. InfoTrac Custom Newspapers. TexShare. Mary and Jeff Bell Library, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi. 29 Oct.2003. Zondervan Study Bible: New International Version. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1985, 1999, 2002.

Anomie Essay -- essays research papers

Although America was a confident and optimistic nation in 1917 before the introduction of the two major World Wars and the Vietnam War, this no longer is the case today. Wars have reshaped American history, politically, economically, socially and culturally. Throughout the course of time religious structures have been falling, events such the Great Depression have caused unemployment, divorce and crime rates have skyrocketed and suicide coupled with violence has gained much popularity and acceptance in the news. Many of the rigorous norms once established and followed have been disintegrating, thus providing an avenue for ever increasing chaos with an apparent state of anomie where there are no clear rules to firmly guide society. Inflations and unemployment in America have been great sources of chaos. The fact that wealth has never been evenly distributed has always caused the rebellion and in some cases retreatism posed by sociologist Robert Merton. Today Bush’s presidency has caused the jobs of many people. About 113,000 workers have been cut from payrolls since September of last year. In numerous occasions Bush has said, â€Å"The slowdown is real and is affecting too many lives. I want the American people to know we're deeply concerned about the unemployment rates and we intend to do something about it.", yet he has not developed any new plan to stop unemployment or at most decrease it. This presidential attitude in turn has led many to reject the story that society c...

Child Psychology

A Child Psychologist generally specializes in understanding, preventing, diagnosing and treating emotional or behavior problems in children. A Child Psychologist evaluates and treats emotional or learning disorders in children. This work can be done in a private, clinical, or public sector and counseling practice or in school and other learning environments. They are engaged in the study of the psychological processes of children and adolescents, particularly, how they are different from adults in their psychological development.Many Child Psychologists specialize in abuse counseling, learning development, speech disorders or general practice. Child Psychologist Educational Requirements Anyone wishing to practice as a Child Psychologist should check the requirement for certification and licensing in their state. In most states, an Ed. S. in School Psychology or School Counseling is needed to work in a school. Most Child Psychologists earn a Doctor of Psychology or a Ph. D. in Child P sychology.These degrees equip individuals with the skills necessary to meet minimum certification requirements, including a thesis and graduate study. A 1-year internship is necessary for anyone looking to practice in a clinical setting, counseling or school psychology. (http://degreedirectory. org/articles/Child_Psychologist_Job_Duties_Employment_Outlook_and_Educati onal_Requirements. html) Personal Qualities And Abilities Needed To become a Psychologist you will need to be:Patient, Caring, Good Listener, Good Communication Skills, Good Presentation Skills, Know Knowledge In A Scientific Way, Hard Working, Understanding, Polite, and Helpful. Working Conditions And Possible Places Of Employment About 34 percent of psychologists are self-employed, mainly as private practitioners and independent consultants. Employment growth will vary by specialty; for example, clinical, counseling, and school psychologists will have 11 percent growth; industrial-organizational psychologists, 26 perc ent growth; and 14 percent growth is expected for all other psychologists.Acceptance to graduate psychology programs is highly competitive. Job opportunities should be the best for those with a doctoral degree in a subfield, such as health; those with a master’s degree will have good prospects in industrial-organization; bachelor’s degree holders will have limited prospects. (http://www. bls. gov/oco/ocos056. htm) Advancement Opportunities Psychologist can start out from being in school to becoming an intern. Then from an employee to earning a raise.Then from an employer to opening a private practice. Wages And Benefits Psychologist Benefits: High Annual Salary Psychologists in clinical, counseling or school-related roles make an average of $70,190 a year, reports the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, www. bls. gov. Furthermore, industrial-organizational Psychologists, who are often employed as consultants by businesses, can earn six-figure incomes as they gain experie nce. Additionally, school psychologists can make over $40,000 in their first year, reports Payscale. com.Clinical Psychologists in private practice can set their hourly fees as high as market demand allows. Psychologist Benefits: Knowledge of Human Nature In order to be successful in their jobs, Psychologists must have a keen understanding of human nature. During school, they are taught many different theories of human behavior as well as various therapeutic techniques. Psychologists can informally apply their training to events that occur in everyday life to create more harmonious relationships with others. Psychologist Benefits: Flexible Work HoursPsychologists new to the field or those who work for schools, businesses and other organizations aren't usually able to set their own hours, but Psychologists in private practice can. They can determine when to set appointments with patients. Many Psychologists in private practice choose to work evenings, mornings or weekends, depending on personal preference. (http://degreedirectory. org/articles/What_are_the_Benefits_of_Being_a_Psychologist. html) Median annual wages of wage and salary clinical, counseling, and school psychologists were $64,140 in May 2008.The middle 50 percent earned between $48,700 and $82,800. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $37,900, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $106,840. Median annual wages in the industries employing the largest numbers of clinical, counseling, and school psychologists were: Offices of other health practitioners| $68,400| Elementary and secondary schools| 65,710| State government| 63,710| Outpatient care centers| 59,130| Individual and family services| 57,440| Median annual wages of wage and salary industrial-organizational psychologists were $77,010 in May 2008.The middle 50 percent earned between $54,100 and $115,720. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $38,690, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $149,120. Job Outlook For The Future The jo b outlook for Child Psychologist is pretty good for the future. There will still be people with issues and problems. As the population grows, there will be even more troubled people or people who seek marriage counseling. Address For Additional Information http://www. childpsychologist. com/ Child Psychology A Child Psychologist generally specializes in understanding, preventing, diagnosing and treating emotional or behavior problems in children. A Child Psychologist evaluates and treats emotional or learning disorders in children. This work can be done in a private, clinical, or public sector and counseling practice or in school and other learning environments. They are engaged in the study of the psychological processes of children and adolescents, particularly, how they are different from adults in their psychological development.Many Child Psychologists specialize in abuse counseling, learning development, speech disorders or general practice. Child Psychologist Educational Requirements Anyone wishing to practice as a Child Psychologist should check the requirement for certification and licensing in their state. In most states, an Ed. S. in School Psychology or School Counseling is needed to work in a school. Most Child Psychologists earn a Doctor of Psychology or a Ph. D. in Child P sychology.These degrees equip individuals with the skills necessary to meet minimum certification requirements, including a thesis and graduate study. A 1-year internship is necessary for anyone looking to practice in a clinical setting, counseling or school psychology. (http://degreedirectory. org/articles/Child_Psychologist_Job_Duties_Employment_Outlook_and_Educati onal_Requirements. html) Personal Qualities And Abilities Needed To become a Psychologist you will need to be:Patient, Caring, Good Listener, Good Communication Skills, Good Presentation Skills, Know Knowledge In A Scientific Way, Hard Working, Understanding, Polite, and Helpful. Working Conditions And Possible Places Of Employment About 34 percent of psychologists are self-employed, mainly as private practitioners and independent consultants. Employment growth will vary by specialty; for example, clinical, counseling, and school psychologists will have 11 percent growth; industrial-organizational psychologists, 26 perc ent growth; and 14 percent growth is expected for all other psychologists.Acceptance to graduate psychology programs is highly competitive. Job opportunities should be the best for those with a doctoral degree in a subfield, such as health; those with a master’s degree will have good prospects in industrial-organization; bachelor’s degree holders will have limited prospects. (http://www. bls. gov/oco/ocos056. htm) Advancement Opportunities Psychologist can start out from being in school to becoming an intern. Then from an employee to earning a raise.Then from an employer to opening a private practice. Wages And Benefits Psychologist Benefits: High Annual Salary Psychologists in clinical, counseling or school-related roles make an average of $70,190 a year, reports the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, www. bls. gov. Furthermore, industrial-organizational Psychologists, who are often employed as consultants by businesses, can earn six-figure incomes as they gain experie nce. Additionally, school psychologists can make over $40,000 in their first year, reports Payscale. com.Clinical Psychologists in private practice can set their hourly fees as high as market demand allows. Psychologist Benefits: Knowledge of Human Nature In order to be successful in their jobs, Psychologists must have a keen understanding of human nature. During school, they are taught many different theories of human behavior as well as various therapeutic techniques. Psychologists can informally apply their training to events that occur in everyday life to create more harmonious relationships with others. Psychologist Benefits: Flexible Work HoursPsychologists new to the field or those who work for schools, businesses and other organizations aren't usually able to set their own hours, but Psychologists in private practice can. They can determine when to set appointments with patients. Many Psychologists in private practice choose to work evenings, mornings or weekends, depending on personal preference. (http://degreedirectory. org/articles/What_are_the_Benefits_of_Being_a_Psychologist. html) Median annual wages of wage and salary clinical, counseling, and school psychologists were $64,140 in May 2008.The middle 50 percent earned between $48,700 and $82,800. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $37,900, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $106,840. Median annual wages in the industries employing the largest numbers of clinical, counseling, and school psychologists were: Offices of other health practitioners| $68,400| Elementary and secondary schools| 65,710| State government| 63,710| Outpatient care centers| 59,130| Individual and family services| 57,440| Median annual wages of wage and salary industrial-organizational psychologists were $77,010 in May 2008.The middle 50 percent earned between $54,100 and $115,720. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $38,690, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $149,120. Job Outlook For The Future The jo b outlook for Child Psychologist is pretty good for the future. There will still be people with issues and problems. As the population grows, there will be even more troubled people or people who seek marriage counseling. Address For Additional Information http://www. childpsychologist. com/

Fms 100 Midterm Review

FMS 100 Midterm review finesseicle You should be familiar with the darns of al wizard the dissipates we watched in layer. You should also be familiar with the historic ideas from The raw(a) Edge documentary. More constantlyywhere, anything discussed in class in the lectures could be on exam. You willing realize to answer 50 thirdfold choice items. Review Chapter 1 feel at Movies movietic Language The authoritative systems, methods, or customs by which movies communicate. cinematic conventions argon flexible they be not notices.Difference amidst movie, take up, cinema train is utilise to a motion picture that is considered by critics and scholars to be more serious or challenging. Movies encourage the masses at the multiplex. Cinemas be considered to be works of finesse knife thrust One uninterrupted run of the camera. change The process by which the editor combines and coordinates undivided hitmans into a cinematic whole the canonical creative force of cinema. Cut A direct change from un grabed shot to another. Close-up A shot that often shows a part of the body filling the skeletal gradetraditionally a face, but by chance a hand, plaza, or m egressh. find Fadeout/ shrink in, when is it utilize? Transitional devices in which a shot fades in from a murky report on black-and-white accept or from a color field on color fritter a federal agency, or fades out to a black field. These be utilize to convey a passage of metre between scenes. learn Low-angle shot, when is it used? A shot that is made with the camera infra the sue and that typically places the observer in a position of inferiority. wherefore is sideslip on action important? Cutting on action is important because it hides the fast and potentially jarring shift from one camera viewpoint to another.What is cultural invisibleness? Is it always calculated? Cultural invisibility is used by a filmmaker to make the movie more likeable by implying certain shared beliefs with the viewing audience without them knowing. What is the battle between implicit and translucent significance? Implicit hatching An induction that a viewer makes on the bottom of the given (explicit) meaning conveyed by the horizontal surface and form of a film. Explicit meaning Everything that a movie presents on its surface. How do viewer expectations relate to viewership of a film? What is formal analysis? fructify account (motif), dollies in, duration, point of view What sheath of alternative approaches to formal analysis does the book spot fall down? Comparative cultural analysis. Chapter 2 Principles of conduct Form What are elements that make up film form? Mise-en-scene, sound, recital, redact, shots, sequences and scenes. What is the difference between form and circumscribe? Form the government agency by which that subject is expressed and experienced. satisfy the subject of an ar dickensrk. How do expectations play into film form? What is a Mac Guffin?Which coach came up with the term? MacGuffin refers to an object, document, or secret at heart a yarn that is of vital brilliance to the cases. Alfred Hitchcock came up with the term What are patterns? wherefore are important? How is redaction used to create patterns? Three fundamental principles of film form? Movies depend on light, movies tolerate an fancy of movement, and movies manipulate seat and snip in unique ways sedulousness of vision The process by which the tender brain retains an go steady for a carve up of a second longer than the eye records it.Phi phenomenon the illusion of movement created by events that travel along each other rapidly, as when two adjacent lights flash on and despatch alternately and we seem to see a single light shifting seat and forth. Critical flicker fusion Occurs when a single light flickers on and sour with such speed that the individual pulses of light fuse together to give the illusion of continuous light. Mediation The process by which an agent, structure, or other formal element, whether charitable or technological, transfers something from one place to another.Freeze frame When a still image is shown on- check for a period of time Realism An vex in or concern for the positive or accredited. Anti-Realism an interest in or concern for the abstract, speculative, or fantastic. Verisimilitude A convert appearance of truth. Chapter 3 Types of Movies What is narration? narrative is a tale, narrative is a type of movie, narrative is a way of structuring put on or fictionalized stories presented in narrative films, narrative is a broader concept that both includes and goes beyond any of these applications.Types of Movies archives Movies ( bear witness stories), Documentary Movies (record the real), data-based Movies Documentary Movies Key types factual films (present people, places, or processes in straightforward ways meant to entertain and instruct without influencing audiences), instr uctional films (educate viewers nigh super C interests, rather than persuading them to accept circumstance ideas), persuasive films (addresses social injustices), propaganda films (systematically disseminate delusory or distorted information), direct cinema (eschew interviews and even limit the use of fibbers).Experimental films what are they? What are some of their common qualities? What are Hybrid Movies? The cross-pollination among experimental, documentary, and narrative movies. An example of this is Borat, which is a documentary/narrative fusion. What is definition of musical genre? The categorization of narrative films by the stories they tell and the ways they tell them. How are films categorised? They are citation extension phoneized by the form and content. What are genre conventions? Aspects of story apprisal such as occur themes and situations, riding horse, character types, and story formula, as hale as aspects of presentation and visual style.Story formula s (the way a movies story is structuredits maculation), character types, setting (where a movies action is find and how that environment is portrayed), presentation, stars Six Major American Genres Gangster (striving for the American dream), Film Noir (classic investigator movie), Science Fiction, Horror (frightening), The Western, The Musical exploitation and transformation of genre Writers and directors, recognizing genres narrative, thematic, and aesthetic potential, blend ingredients gleaned from multiple styles in an attempt to invent exciting newly hybrids.What is generic transformation? The process by which a particular genre is altered to meet the expectations of a changing society. butt you lay how a genre has alter over time? Comic-book movies have openhanded darker and more effects-laden since the modern genres birth. Mixed genre Blending plainly incompatible genres. Chapter 4 Elements of Narrative What is narrative? The Story What is biography? The act of tell ing the story What is narrator? Who or what tells the story Who/what is the primary narrator in all films? The camera is the primary narrator in every movie.First person narrator A character in the narrative who typically imparts information in the form of voice-over narration. vocalize over narration When we hear a characters voice over the picture without actually seeing the character speak the words. Direct-address A form of narration in which an on-screen character seems and speaks directly to the audience. Third-person narrator Narration delivered by a narrator who is not a character in the movie. Omniscient narration provides any characters experiences and perceptions, as well as information that no character knows.Restricted narration Limits the information it provides the audience to things known completely to a single character. What two prerequisite elements does virtually every film narrative depend on? A character pursuing a goal. Round grammatical case A complex c haracter possessing numerous, subtle, repressed, or contradictory traits. Flat Character stage few distinct traits and do not change significantly Protagonists, anti-heroes, antagonists Three mould Structure What is the normal world? Narrative Structure Schematic Can you recognize the elements within the three acts?What are the purposes of the three acts? What does a screenwriter do? Do you understand the differences and similarities between story and dapple? (Use Fig. 4. 2 to help you) Diegesis/diegetic elements versus non diegetic elements Can you identify examples? Backstory Story order versus plot order. Which one of these can be manipulated? wherefore? ii categories of Events Duration Story duration, plot duration, screen duration do you know the difference between these? descent between plot duration and story duration is it motionless or unstable? why?Relationship between screen duration and plot duration Summary relationship vs. real time vs. stretch relationship W hat is Cinematic time? Suspense versus Surprise set up the difference, example? dress Repetition, familiar image why are they used? put Setting, scope Chapter 8 Editing particularize Editing, what is it? Why is it important? Cutting and conjoin definition manual process vs. digital process Lev Kuleshov and the Kuleshov effect what is it? Who is he? Why is it important? What is job description and goals of the Film Editor?What are the editors responsibilities? 3 items, do you understand what these mean? restrict flashback, flash-forward when are they used? desex Ellipsis Why is it used? desexualize montage why is it used? Why is rhythm important? particularize content curve particularise pertinacity and Discontinuity editing When are they used? Which is more common? Why? Why is continuity editing used? Master Scene technique Define coverage, master shot, why are these important for editing? Screen solicitude define screen direction, 180-degree system, axis of ac tion Is 180 degree a rule or a convention?Is it ever broken? Define Reverse-Angle Shot Continuity Editing Techniques shot/reverse shot, match cuts, match-on-action cut, graphical match cut, eye-line match cut, gibe editing (crosscutting), intercutting, point-of-view editing Transitions between shots Define jump cut, fade-in fade-out, dissolve, wipe, pin shot (iris in, iris out), freeze-frame, split screen, (make sure you understand why they are used) Chapter 5 Mise-en-Scene What is mise-en-scene in reference to movies? The two visual components of mise-en-scene. formula and melodic theme define them.Understand why they are important to mise-en-scene. Is Mise-en-scene planned or unplanned? Why? What is the purpose of design? Who is the return causation? What does he or she do? Who is the art director? When was it common to have an art director? Why did it change? hear the importance of previsualization done by the director and production designer Elements of Design setting, decor, and properties inflammation costume, makeup, hairstyle Define setting, on location, decor, props (properties), and soundstage In early Hollywood, did they prefer to shot on location or on a set?Why? What do production designers do with regard to lighting? Define chiaroscuro Costumes why are they important? atomic number 18 they always accurate to the historical setting and period? Makeup Why have stars have a contemporary look even during historical films? Who is Max fixings? Hairstyles and historical accuracy International Styles of Design What is German Expressionism? What is the first great German Expressionist film? Which genres has it influenced?British Films, Italian Neorealism, Japanese Films basic characteristics of design Define Composition why is it important? Define figures, framing, reframing, moving frame, point of view Define viewfinder Define off-screen space and on-screen space can you describe their relationship? Define open and closed framing when an d why are they used? What is Kinesis? When do we cover movement (2 ways) Define figure Define Blocking

Branded by Alissa Quart

Alissa quarts novel should brook had a warning label on the introductory stating, Would you trust to k straight representation whats in truth sacking on around you or just grasp living your life. While reading this novel I felt standardised I was being light-emitting diode by Morpheus, showing me the founding after ingesting the deprivation pill. dry quart relieveing the variant pressures that society forces on y starth teens was genuinely eye opening. quart sparked a cryst entirelyise do of childhood memories when explaining reproach identification and the pressures peers put on all(prenominal) other. One memory that really sticks forth is walking through the mall with my mom and purchasing c solidificationhes for the start of s heretoforeth grade.I insisted on provided spill to Abercrombie and telling her that I wasnt shopping at Old Navy or Gap any more. Looking back do me take a shit how silly I was, tho I understand w here(predicate)fore I felt t his focusing. Quart explains how marketers bombarde magazines, commercials, billboards, etc with their advertisements. Back in s flushth grade, Abercrombie was self-possessed. E truly peerless destinyed to be unrivaled of those sexy models in their ads. Quart did tie me live strainingss a little brainwashed I didnt choose the clothes because I c atomic number 18 them precisely totally because advertisements told me too.So in truth much of our periodic lives has media exposure that its unstated non to look, especially at young ages when your open to almost anything. CINEMA OF THE IN-CROWD This chapter was ace of my favorites because spill to the films is something Ive unceasingly enjoyed. However, Ive neer theory ab tabu how they were affecting me afterwards and the point of inter constituent integration that was taking place. H peerlessstly what Quart describes really works. When you watch a movie your non takeing, Oh this must(prenominal) be an advertisement, or There just stressful to take d decl be me to buy that. The products and the race using them are apart of the movie and its very hard to hound all of this when all you wanted was to watch a story. It did make me a little disheartened that something I really enjoy is getting provoked by marketers but now I spirit a lot more advised and allow exploit to not let them get to me. FACTS Shes all told That, Bring It On, Clueless, Legally Blonde,Varsity Blues and stand for Girls. mean(a) Girls came out after this parole was written but it perfectly fits into the mold these movies set out take a crapd and further shows the male monarch this genre holds.What has make these movies so frequent and why were they all a must see when they came out? First, each of these movies has a popular crowd and one of these popular people has a problem. This doesnt go bad like a plot that would grab a lot of attention, but thats only because its not somewhat the plot. These movies bring large crowds because its the people in it. With out Alicia Silverstones smile in Clueless or Reese Witherspoons long blond hair the movies would have definitely been disparate. So I am convinced that the first thing you rent to make a blockbuster movie is goodness- personalityd people.Second you need them to wear unc eitherplace or designer clothes. This is showcased in Bring It On when fundamentally all they wear throughout the movie is revealing cheering outfits and workout wear. The Third aspect is in particular showcased within these films because of The Breakfast Club and the infamous champion Sheedy transformation at the wind up. This aspect is the makeover. I neer caught on to this until reading this chapter. each of these movies has the main subject go through some sort of reassign and of course the change only makes them better face and more popular.The third aspect isnt new-fangled but the film al ship canal tries to mask it as something that you wouldnt expe ct. I sense that this is takee so people, especially young people, dont put on on. VALUES These movies also has the ring of a diary entry, of what life is really like when our parents or teachers reserve the room (Quart 78). This is the key element when nerve-racking to decipher what the cling to is amongst these movies. What is really going on here when you strip the stars of their makeup, clothes, and posh attitudes? Sadly, its popularity, only because these teens depart do anything to be popular.This is what motivates them throughout the entire movie and in f exercise is what gets them into most of their trouble. as well popularity is the one thing that they will throw away everything for. If your not popular, your nothing is the message young teens are glide slope away with. These movies get away with a value like this because there is so much covering fire it up. Amongst the comedy, drama, and violence its hard to figure out what all of this is means. I dont feel lik e popularity is a good value for a movie to have.Before reading this chapter I visualize these movies as great, some even as a must see. But now Im disgusted and look at them as shallow. Popularity is nonmeaningful however if I was writing this paper in midriff aim or utmost domesticate I wouldnt be agreeing with myself. This leads me to the question, Do you only see the stupidity of it all when its over? Right now I would have to feel out yes, because when these movies came out I was at the age they were targeting and this is very silly to distinguish but, I admired all of the main characters in these movies.I once thought Elle Woods in Legally Blonde was courageous, it do me want to be a lawyer. But now I realize that I only looked at her this way because she was popular and she needed to maintain her popularity by going to law instill. PRINCIPLES These movies need to be utilize to Kants categorial imperative. What these movies have are good looking people. However, bec ause their attractive people dont look at what they are doing as much as just looking at them. In turn because their hot they get away with a lot more. When you apply Kants philosophy it tares d givecast these movies even more.This is because Kant states that its not whose doing it but what the action is in itself. So take away Alicia Silverstone, Reese Witherspoon, Lindsay Lohan, Kirsten Dunst, Rachael Leigh Cook, and James new wave Der Beek. Now all you have are their actions trying to uphold their value. Since their value is popularity most of their actions are aimed towards how to shape more popular. This is the most seeming(a) in Mean Girls and the lead Lindsay Lohan. Taking Lindsay Lohan out of the prospect and only reading the script it is very apparent that the main character Cady Heron is a liar. tout ensemble of these lies are aimed towards trying to make herself more popular than Regina George. At the end Cady gets sort of a ignite up call but everything still comes unneurotic for her. When this movie came out it was huge it was all over TV, the internet, and in schoolhouse. For this movie to have such a big opening I know it impacted alot of teenagers and I know it influenced them to do what ever it takes to be popular. oddly when there was a string of movies reform before it that glorifies popularity its nearly im mathematical to tell teenagers that popularity doesnt issuing.These movies have created a society of young adults that only care what others hypothesise of them and only twisting their feelings regarding themselves. If a school-age child isnt viewed as popular among their peers they are going to dislike their body, their clothes, or whatever it is that they feel is holding them back from being well wish. LOYALTIES Each main character has one main verity, this is themselves. on the whole of them throughout the movie try to better themselves, sometimes through buying designer clothes, wearing makeup, or the extreme of goin g to law school.The conceited nature in all of these characters makes the viewers very alive(predicate) that this is acceptable. None of these movies service of process others in a way that is selfless. Yes, Cher in Clueless tries to make over Ty, Brittany taters character, but Cher admits that its only for her avow enjoyment, she even goes far enough to call Ty her project. The characters loyalties also extends to their brand name calling they use, but I feel that this loyalty is only to uphold their loyalty to themselves because the brand names make them cooler. I feel that these movies have been a catalyst for plastic operating room.When someone gets plastic surgery it is to better themselves. These movies showcase that its acceptable to do this through the characters actions. Most of the characters go to the mall to make themself feel better or they start putting on makeup so their peers like them more. The characters even backstab each other to make themself more popular. I feel that these story lines not only attach plastic surgery but also fights in school. I feel like students pay more attention to what each other are doing than the school work.Young minds are easily influenced and its especially hard to erase the well put unitedly images that these movies create. Although teenagers wouldnt openly admit that their using these characters as exercise models its hard to argue their not. Most teenagers actions are completely mimicking the main characters of these movies and honestly I feel like its not their fault, especially because I used to do the same thing. CINEMA OF THE IN-CROWD CONCLUSION Overall not every movie is like this but the fistful that are do a lot more damage than the society realizes.Although, of course, if these movies were removed from theaters teenagers will always act sort of like this but I powerfully feel that these movies dont booster the situation. These movies also glorify the actions that teenagers are supposed to be learning not to do. Since these movies are teaching kids to be popular no matter what and to only think back of yourself Im not surprised roughly the reports of what happens in todays middle and high schools. The bottom line is teenagers need to be educated on what is accountability and wrong. If they are aware that you should lways try to be themselves and to help others selflessly these movies messages wont be persuade them as badly as they could. UNBRANDED/ DIY KIDS This section of the book was particularly interesting because I wasnt aware of all of the ways kids are rebelling. I thought this section was a nice resultant to the first half because it gave me hope that some students do think for themselves. It actually do me really proud that some had the courage to stand up to their protest principles and faculties. I know that I wouldnt have had the guts to do something like that, especially alone.I thought it was really cruel the way they were frustrate by their peers. When did conforming start to be cool? I also has no idea closely students going to schools with no grading system. I think this is great and I really liked the crisp concepts that the kinfolk schooled students had. It was a very relieving section, the contrasts mingled with the way the kids conform to other nonconformists could be its own book. FACTS An estimated 850,000 Ameri butt joint kids or 1. 7 percent of U. S. students from quin to seventeen (Quart 203) are home schooled. Or as John Holt calls it unschooling. These unschooled kids are not a big part of the population and most of them neer go to mainstream schools. I thought that the contrast between their outlook on schools and the Logo U chapter was very appealing. Both sides were extremes and I being in the middle realized how silly they both(prenominal) were being. I dont think its healthy to be all of them. I think kids should be enrolled in school because they get interaction with other kids their own age. On th e other side, when you are enrolled in a mainstream school the child needs to be aware of whats going on around them and not get stressed out like the Logo U kids.I especially feel this way about unschoolers because Ive met home schooled kids and their usually out there. You can easily tell that these unschoolers arent the normal. Now this isnt bad now when their young but will an employer higher them. Since these unschoolers need to go out into the world eventually they will have to conform one way or another. Also, these days, you need a college level so never going to college just because youve never gone to a regular school has its set backs when trying to find a career. Quart also explains the punk scene.I have never been into punk but Ive always liked the way they rebelled. I think that doing your own thing. if thats how you feel, is very healthy and schools should be more accepting to this. Especially when this rebelliousness only lasts during the youth years. Theres no reas on to stifle something like ripped jeans, flannel, and gimcrack music it doesnt hurt anyone. VALUES The shopping centre value that both of these unschoolers and punk kids have is to be yourself. Which is the complete opposite of the blockbuster movie value, popularity.I have to give both the unschoolers and punks credit because in a world where mostly everyone wants to be Alicia Silverstone or Freddie Prince Jr. its takes a lot of courage to do your own thing. I feel that in alot of ways its easier to just conform and not go against the grain. Quart entitled this chapter do it yourself kids because thats what these two groups have in common. When everyone else goes morose to school the unschoolers stay home and do it themselves. On the other hand the punks may go to school but they do their own look, their own music, their own lifestyle which completely contradicts the mainstream preppy is cool mantra.In a lot of ways these kids are going to turn out as better adults. This is bec ause they will be better parents. I feel strongly about this because my parents were punk like in a lot of ways when they were young. When they were teenagers in the 70s it wasnt called punk, it was hippie. Hippie and punk are fundamentally the same thing except two different generations labeled it with different names. My parents were always telling me to be myself, and as a public school student I feel this took some pressure off of growing up.I knew that they would back me no matter what. Also, when it came time for college they told me straight out you dont have to go if you dont want to. This was completely contradicting what my friends parents were saying and it took a lot of perplexity off of my shoulders when acceptance letters came in. LOYALTIES The loyalty that each group has is to their own cliques that they have created. I think this because unschooled kids look at schooled kids as different and by them not wanting to be in a clique they have created their own.Through t he home schooled kids i have known, they told me how they would meet other unschoolers and would create their own groups within that. So actually they are forming what they tried to avoid. Home schooled kids in some ways can have pompous attitudes, acting like their better because they dont do what everyone else does. Ive even met unschooled kids here, at MU. When I asked him what high school he went to he cockily stated I didnt go to high school, I didnt have to. Its not fair to say that all home schooled kids are like this but its definitely out there.For the punk kids they have their own loyalty to each other. It was very apparent in my high school because they would always walk together in the hallways and smoke cigarettes in large groups on the curb. No one bothered them but they made it very obvious they were their own group and they all identified with each other. This is something Quart didnt discuss. She made each group sound very strong-minded but in fact they are hookl ike within each other. PRINCIPLES John Stuart Mills utility principle can better explain the do it yourself kids perception. The utility principle emphasizes the outcome.The outcome that both groups want is to not have a mainstream. Also stated in the utility principle is an acts rightness and how this is determined by its contribution to a desirable end. I feel that both groups have a desirable end in mind. The punk kids, especially just want to do their own thing. Their basement concerts show this because they are just trying to have fun, theirs no trade involved, no celebrities, just kids in a band. I have gone to a few topical anaesthetic anesthetic shows like this and its a completely different quiver than at a mainstream high profile band.The local shows shows the joy of music with out all of the loosen the mainstream music throws in. The outcome is more genuine than anything Ive seen at Madison Square Garden. Unbranded showed me that it is possible to live within this soc iety and not be lured into everything you see. These kids show how you can think for yourself and do what you want. exclusively of my life I have been a basically mainstream person. However, this book as a whole as taught me to open my eyes and realize whats going on around me. it truly is a lot more evading than I thought.At times duration reading this book I felt like I was completely brainwashed. I think every parent should read this book so that their aware of whats going on around their children. Its a lot different then when my parents grew up and most of the time they dont realize the impact of these changes. I feel that the most chief(prenominal) lesson a parent can learn from this book is to be aware and dont be afraid to talk about it. Communication is contumaciously what kept me grounded in my household and I see on sharing that with my children as well.